By knowing that a drug offense may carry a standard 10 year sentence if found guilty, it can persuade people who are sitting on the fence about a choice to decide to follow the law instead of break it. Con: There are many reasons against wearing school uniforms. A parole board is a panel that reviews an offender's criminal record while in prison to determine their eligibility for parole. They would effectively shift discretion from judges to prosecutors. There may be some mental health supports available as well. There are many school uniforms pros and consone major argument against school uniforms often posed by students in the school uniforms debate is that school uniforms . Debates about whether or not school uniforms make a difference in students' learning experiences persist, though, with many proposed pros and cons., School uniforms are a standard form of dress set by an academic institution. Sentencing used to be in the hands of a jury or judge, but with mandatory sentencing, a guilty verdict would mean that prosecutors are given more control of the sentence the offenders would receive. Someone who is in their 40s is going to have a very different life perspective than someone who is 16 years old. Statistics show that such laws have had mixed results in terms of reducing crime. 3. 1. "ProCon: "Should Students Have to Wear School Uniforms? The main issue with determinate sentencing is that there are no options available. One of the primary issues is the potential for overcrowding in prisons. They help eliminate personal bias. The four largest cons of wearing school uniforms are: 1. With that in mind, lets take a look at some of the pros and cons of mandatory sentencing. Indeterminate sentencing is a justice system structure where an offender is granted a prison sentence with a range, such as two to five years. 4. On the one hand, some people argue that such laws are crucial in establishing a sense of justice and deterring would-be criminals. Though, the judge felt it was irrational and unjust. Moving a child into the adult court system exposes them to the mandatory sentencing guidelines which exist in most jurisdictions. words. Some of the reason offered to support school uniforms are the following: Preventing gang colors, etc. Log in. In fact, for drugs that are more frequently used by the African American community, there are even harsher sentences than those used by the majority white population. The modest-looking storefront Army recruiting . It creates a lifetime of effects for the child in question. Children and teens can sometimes look unkempt or choose to wear clothes that may be considered provocative or offensive, especially in religious schools.. It treats teens who are almost adults as part of the adult system for the purpose of justice. While they have traditionally been used in many private and religious schools, they have become even more popular in recent years. 8. Erases Cultural Differences. All rights reserved. In the study, 94% of the federal public defenders and 28% of the private defense attorneys maintained that sentence disparity had increased under the . High Prison Cost. "Vittana: "10 Pros and Cons of School Uniforms.". They protect society for longer time periods. 5. Prosecutors charged her with first-degree intentional homicide. What Are the Pros and Cons of School Uniforms? | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples A friendship is not a contract or a business deal where pros and cons are weighed. General rates usually range from a low of 7% at 1 year of follow up to a high of 79% after 7 years of their initial release date. In indeterminate sentencing, the release date calculation is up to the state parole board to review the case and determine the appropriate release date. Mandatory drug sentencing laws came about in the 1980s in the height of the War on Drugs.The seizure of 3,906 pounds of cocaine, valued then at over $100 million wholesale, from a Miami International Airport hangar on March 9, 1982, brought about the public's awareness of the Medellin Cartel, Colombian drug traffickers working together, and changed U.S. law . definitions. An outraged . Because there are no variables that change the sentencing guidelines of these convictions, someone going to trial will know immediately what their outcome will be if they are found guilty or plead guilty. Lets see what there are. Ten Days That Vanished: The Switch to the Gregorian Calendar, https://www.britannica.com/story/pro-and-con-school-uniforms. Lets take a look at the arguments for and against mandatory sentencing. They argue that: Most kids don't like school uniforms. For example, the person's criminal past and behavior in prison determine the length of prison time the inmate needs for rehabilitation. Determinate Sentencing: Definition, Pros & Cons. Conversely, the board has the power to deny the inmate release, keeping the person in custody until their next parole hearing. - Definitions, Laws & Rules, What Is Parole? The girl then allegedly panicked, choosing to stomp him on the head to get him to be quiet. nouns. Schools that use uniforms argue that they: Some argue that the cons of school uniforms outweigh the pros. The law also set up a 100-to-1 sentencing ratio for crack cocaine versus powder cocaine offenses. It creates equality among the rich and poor. Kalief Browder was 22 years old when he eventually committed suicide in June 2015. As it holds itself to such a mandate, approaches and directives are taken to reduce the number of people who commit crimes. "The substantial gains made by our nation in crime control and reducing unwarranted sentencing disparity fuel the continued and widespread understanding that mandatory sentencing systems work the Department remains committed to the principles that gave rise to mandatory sentencing in the first place - consistency, fairness, certainty, truth, and greater justice in sentencing. They require a convicted criminal to serve a sentence of specific length before being eligible for parole or release. The Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act provides rules and procedures for local and state courts to follow when working with juvenile offenders, but each state imposes additional requirements. When it comes to criminal justice, its important to remember: not all systems are created equal. Many harsh prison sentences are created to keep others from committing the same crime for worry of obtaining a similar sentence. One of the primary arguments in favor of mandatory sentencing is that it creates a sense of justice and fairness. 3. This form of sentencing has both pros and cons that should be carefully weighed by all parties involved. Indeterminate sentences may be handed down for felony convictions, where punishment includes incarceration in a state prison. Sentence Examples. latin. This is true in the justice system just as much as it is with any other state matter. Further, the judge will look at a presentence report and consider statements from the victims as well as the defendant and lawyers. As a result, the minority population in U.S. prisons is very different than the minority population in the general population. The charges that are targeted for the most extensive minimum mandatory sentences tend to be those that minority groups are charged with the most. Additionally, schools that favor uniforms feel that they help create a safer educational environment, letting students focus more on learning, as opposed to what they're going to wear to school the next day. As prosecutors make the decision of what charges to put against the defendants, they can stack the deck, which involves over-charging them in order to reach a guilty plea. It can eliminate civil responsibilities for actions at the household level. For youth offenders the rates range from a low of 0% after 1 year to a high of 41% after 5 years when following up if they were sentenced to a youth facility. balancing sentencing policy with limited correctional resources. To access extended pro and con arguments, sources, and discussion questions about whether students should have to wear school uniforms, go to ProCon.org. Of course, every person deserves a fair chance, but a very lenient sentence would almost make it seem like offenders will just get away with their crimes. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of an issue . They reduce time spent shopping, as well as money spent buying clothes, and eliminate bullying based on dress and appearance. This most often comes with drug convictions, but there are other examples that are on the books, such as the three strikes laws that require a life sentence on someones third specific felony conviction. With mandatory minimum sentencing, there is a guarantee that judgments will be uniform throughout the justice system, so offenders will be punished based upon their overall moral culpability. The death penalty, also known as capital punishment, is the lawful imposition of death as punishment for a crime. There are other parental rights which may disappear in this situation as well, further limiting the way the legal system can attempt to make things right. The term has been in use since the 16th century and is a shortening of a Latin phrase, pro et contra, which means "for and against.". For such kind of sentencing to be given, many factors are taken into account, rather than the crime alone. 31. They are not standardized, which usually means that students can wear most varieties of a specific type of clothing. School uniforms prevent the display of gang colors and insignia. 1. 5. Mandatory Sentencing: Pros. In another case from the state of Wisconsin, two 12-year-old girls were accused of repeatedly stabbing their classmate to honor the Internet character Slenderman. The Supreme Court for the state made the decision to try these two girls as adults. To access extended pro and con arguments, sources, and discussion questions about whether students should have to wear . 137 other terms for pros and cons- words and phrases . Students can express their individuality in school uniforms by introducing variations and adding accessories. By transferring the case to the adult court system, it provides an opportunity for the community to weigh in on what they believe the outcome of the case should be. Those who decide to commit a crime are removed from society,so they can no longer do harm to it in their preferred way. These are the key points to consider. About 1 in 4 schools in the country takes this idea to the point of requiring uniforms. Cell Phone Radiation. Since the punishments are predetermined, there is no room for leniency or mercy, which can lead to overcrowding in prisons as many offenders are sentenced to long terms of incarceration. It can offer services to the youth that would not be available in the juvenile system. Capital Punishment. If a juvenile is charged with an adult crime, then such an action may limit the civil responsibilities that the parents have for the conduct of their child. In one certain case, a desperate mother of four children was paid 100 dollars to send an unknown package to someone, without knowing that it contained crack cocaine. In California, it costs over $70k to house a prisoner for one year, but the average income for a California household is less than $60k. idioms. In 2004 four (China, Iran, Vietnam, and the US) accounted for 97% of all global executions. Dress codes at school can reduce acts of violence. Then there are some judges that do not. Bottled Water Ban. To come up with a well-informed opinion whether the issuance of mandatory minimum sentences is reasonable or not, let us take a look at its pros and cons. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Some mandatory minimum sentencing laws have been implemented to control the amount of ammunition that can be held in a clip, even if the gun is not used in the commission of a crime. They can create an environment of coercion. Tens of millions of dollars could be freed up if individualized sentencing across all crime would be instituted. Indeterminate sentencing is a type of prison sentence that is subject to review by a parole board. "Fresno Pacific University: "Pros and cons of school dress code. 7. What Are Federal Sentencing Guidelines? The school uniform might create a fashion balance, but it also creates a natural rebellion against group thinking. Determinate sentences focus on retributive corrections, while indeterminate sentencing is associated more with the rehabilitative justice model. The process is simple and straightforward. It does not give a defendant an opportunity to be tried by a jury of their peers. In the United States, you must be old enough to vote in order to sit on a jury. Let's Talk Determinate Sentencing. Students dressed in uniform are better perceived by teachers and peers. 1. Most of the mandatory minimum sentencing laws in the United States involve drug possession, drug distribution, and similar criminal conduct. The judge decided to hand out a sentence of 30 days anyway. Be sure to weigh the pros and cons and then make a move. Adolescents are struggling with decision-making skills that are underdeveloped, immature, and impulsive. In some cases, this works very well, but in other situations, its benefits are not always so apparent. Finding the right balance is not always a perfect, pleasant process, but it is essential to maintain the safety of society. Wearing uniforms enhances school pride, unity, and community spirit. Advantages of uniform. When it comes to the more strictly controlled drugs, there will be extremely harsh sentences for producing, having and attempting to sell them. Keeping a child in school uniforms may be more expensive for parents and guardians than buying regular clothes would be. A higher proportion of schools located in cities had mandatory uniforms in 2015-2016 than schools in suburban, town, and rural areas. In the world of criminal justice, the issue of mandatory sentencing is a complex and charged one. Choose a debatable topic. When mandatory minimum sentencing was first used in the countrys justice system in the 1980s, there was seen a significant decrease in crime across all categories while the sentences were handed down. Once the convicted criminal serves the minimum sentence, the parole board decides whether the person should be released. Diante Pellum was 14 years old when he was accused of shooting another teen in the back of the head near Federal Way in Washington. If these teens where given a standard youth sentence, then there is an excellent chance that they would be back on the street by the age of 25. The goal may be to move up the chain of command, so the main operators of a crime syndicate can be removed, but because coercion is involved, there can be doubts to the accuracy of the information given. School uniforms in public schools undermine the promise of a free education by imposing an extra expense on families. Up until the 1960s, capital punishment was a mandatory minimum sentence for murder. In the quest to achieve justice, it is very possible to lose sight of it. A parole board is a panel of individuals who determine whether an inmate is eligible for release before their sentence expires. The following are some of the pros of indeterminate sentencing; On the other hand, indeterminate sentencing also has its downside; There are several examples of indeterminate sentencing in the U.S justice system. These robes were used as a way to standardize the dress among school boys, making it easier for school teachers to keep track of boarding school students. It creates a lifetime of negative impacts for the child because they have multiple obstacles in their way to create the change that is necessary assuming that they are not serving multiple decades in prison for their crime in the first place. Because of the severe sentencing guidelines that are required by a . In his opinion, this option for the justice system should be limited to teens who are at least 15 years old and are repeat violent offenders. Which method of sentencing do you believe is more effective? The judge had sentenced him under the Colorado Sex Offenders Act, which provided a term between one day to life. Statistics gathered from 15 different states revealed that juveniles prosecuted in adult court and released from a state prison had a recidivism rate of 82% compared to a 16% rate for their adult counterparts. Though every person deserves a fair chance, placing too lenient sentences would almost make it seem like offenders are getting away with the crimes they committed. Pros. british. In New York City, the cost per inmate is $168,000 per year. This trend is especially prevalent for homicide offenses. Thus, students give more attention . As mentioned earlier, schools that have uniforms may use them as a way to standardize the dress code amongst their students. In theory, mandatory minimum sentences can help law-enforcement officials to move up the chain of command in organized crime. For mandatory sentencing, it helps create a standard of justice that can be applied equally to all parties that are charged with similar crimes. Pros and Cons of Abolishing the Juvenile Court System Currently, there is no uniform juvenile court system in the United States. The State of California has even been ordered by the Supreme Court to reduce their state prison population. 6. Installing mandatory minimum sentences can reduce issues where a personal bias comes into play. She told authorities that she was afraid that she would get into trouble. Learn the definition of indeterminate sentencing, study its pros and cons, and view examples. 4. They have the power to choose whether or not to charge the offenders the crime that carries a minimum mandatory sentence. 00:0000:00. If they feel like it is improper to have the case held there, then they can take permitted actions as a juror to make that preference known. School uniforms in the United States followed the traditional use of uniforms established in England and were generally limited to private and parochial schools. Many judges apply the law to the best of their ability in a professional manner. Cyntoia Brown is one story of about 10,000 who was sentenced as a juvenile for killing a man when she was just 16 years old. 3. When 9-year-old Cameron Kocher fired a rifle out of a window, accidentally striking his 7-year-old neighbor who was riding a snowmobile, that may not be the case. There are examples of 10-year sentences being handed out for having 1g of marijuana in possession. 1. It provides a way to teach accountability. In conclusion, mandatory sentencing is a complex and often controversial issue. 5. It also means that someone can weigh the consequences of their actions before they are taken. Records showed a history of violence and a previous no-contact order that Lockridge violated. Children are often a product of their home environment. The key findings used to tout the benefits of uniforms are questionable. A jury may also exercise the sentencing guidelines are usually imposed by the judge in most cases, but sentencing or it can be mandated by a statue; such as, mandatory prison sentence for certain crimes. Determinate sentencing is a sentence structure that gives a convicted criminal a fixed prison time. According to the journalist resource article, approximately 23 percent of schools in the United States require students to wear uniforms. While the judge determines the minimum time the defendant may serve, a parole board determines their release date. It was as early as 1899 when the United States began creating the first courts for youth offenders. There are differences between determinate and indeterminate sentencing, starting with the definitions. On average, every 9-10 days a government in the United States executes a prisoner. 11. 1. They are not generally used when the crime is less serious. Jessica is a practicing attorney and has taught law and has a J.D. We must remember that children and adults think differently, so trying to place adult responses on youth is not always appropriate. While school uniforms are seen as a positive for helping to erase visible social-class differences in schools (rich vs poor), they also have the negative effect over erasing cultural differences. 1. The Pros And Cons Of Mandatory Sentencing. 3. There is a case of a 10-year-old girl in the state of Wisconsin who was charged in 2018 in the killing of a 6-month-old, and state law requires anyone who is age 10 or above to have their case brought in adult court. While supporters say that it decreases crime and remove sympathy or bias from the litigation process, opponents argue that it unfairly targets minority groups in the US, destroying families and homes, as well as creating an institution where citizens are more likely to commit crimes in the future. Indeterminate sentencing used to be the rule in every state and for the federal courts as well. Another indeterminate sentence upheld was Bruce Wimberly, who pleaded guilty to sexual assault in 1984. 1. It is a complex and highly charged issue, and there are both pros and cons to such laws. Someone can make a legitimate mistake, not realize that something is against the law, and receive a long sentence because of it. Any decision has its own set of pros and cons. But in practice, the sausage factory that is the American criminal justice system focuses not on equal inputs or fair processes but on uniform . - Definition, Laws & Example, Concurrent Sentence in Law: Definition & Example, Determinate Sentencing: Definition, Pros & Cons, Indeterminate Sentencing: Definition, Pros & Cons, Interstate Compact Agreement: Definition & Rules, Lethal Injection: Definition, History & Procedure, Mandatory Minimum Sentencing: Laws, History, Pros & Cons, Plea Bargain: Definition, Process, Pros & Cons, What Is a Life Sentence? I feel like its a lifeline. In one occasion, a desperate mother of four was once paid USD100 to mail an unknown package to someone that contained hundreds of grams of crack cocaine, and the judge sentenced her to 10 years in prison, as the law dictated what had to be done even though the judge felt it unjust and irrational. Mandatory minimum sentencing laws cause both state and federal prisons to overcrowd, extortionate tax costs, and deflect from law enforcement funds. The Smarter Sentencing Act would permit a district judge to impose sentences without regard to any mandatory minimum if the court finds that the defendant has no more than two criminal history . 2. This parole board will decide whether the prisoner gets their release at the hearing. Pa. Cons. Ann. They argue that: Uniforms are usually a standard set of clothes chosen by schools. Mandatory minimum sentences continue to be talked about, as citizens, politicians and ex-convicts push their opinions. Judges sentence based on the recommendations of a jury, a plea agreement, or a bench trial. Sentencing used to be done by judges or juries, but with mandatory minimum sentences, a guilty verdict would mean that prosecutors have more control over sentences offenders would receive.
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